The fundamental equations of pulmonary gas exchange are first reviewed to lay the foundation for the gas exchange techniques and some of the imaging applications. The focus is on the physiological basis of these techniques that provide quantitative information for research purposes rather than qualitative measurements that are used clinically. This article discusses the measurement of V ˙ A / Q ˙ matching with three broad classes of techniques: (i) those based in gas exchange, such as the multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET) (ii) those derived from imaging techniques such as single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and (iii) fluorescent and radiolabeled microspheres. Some apparatus dead space may actually reduce total dead space, as an ETT bypasses the majority of anatomical dead space of the patient (nasopharynx).ĭead space from the patient.Ventilation-perfusion ( V ˙ A / Q ˙ ) matching, the regional matching of the flow of fresh gas to flow of deoxygenated capillary blood, is the most important mechanism affecting the efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange. Types of Dead Spaceĭead space from equipment, such as tubes ventilator circuitry. ![]() ![]() Glomerular Filtration and Tubular Functionĭead space is the proportion of minute ventilation which does not participate in gas exchange. Functional Anatomy and Control of Blood Flow
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